King Williams War in America

King James II came to the English throne in 1685. He was not only Catholic but also pro-French. Further, he believed in the Divine Right of Kings. Disagreeing with his beliefs and fearing the continuation of his line, leading British nobles called upon his son-in-law William of Orange to take the throne from James II. In November 1688, William led a successful invasion with approximately 14,000 troops. In 1689 he was crowned William III and his wife, who was James II daughter, was crowned Queen Mary. William and Mary ruled from 1688 until 1694. The College of William and Mary was founded in 1693 in honor of their rule. Upon their invasion, King James II escaped to France. This episode in British history is called the Glorious Revolution. King Louis XIV of France, another strong proponent of Absolute Monarchies and the Divine Right of Kings, sided with King James II. When he invaded the Rhenish Palatinate, William III of England joined the League of Augsburg against France. This began the War of the League of Augsburg, also called the Nine Years War and the War of the Grand Alliance. Beginning of King Williams War in America In America, the British and the French were already having issues as frontier settlements fought for territorial claims and trading rights. When news of war reached America, fighting broke out in earnest in 1690. The war was referred to as King Williams War on the North American continent. At the time that the war started, Louis de Buade Count Frontenac was the Governor General of Canada. King Louis XIV ordered Frontenac to take New York in order to have access to the Hudson River. Quebec, the capital of New France, froze over in the winter, and this would allow them to continue to trade throughout the winter months. The Indians joined with the French in their attack. They began to attack New York settlements in 1690, burning down Schenectady, Salmon Falls, and Fort Loyal. New York and the colonies of New England joined together after meeting in New York City in May 1690 to attack the French in return. They attacked in Port Royal, Nova Scotia, and Quebec. The English were stopped in Acadia by the French and their Indian allies. Port Royal was taken in 1690 by Sir William Phips, the commander of the New England fleet. This was the capital of French Acadia and basically surrendered without much of a fight. Nevertheless, the English plundered the town. However, it was retaken by the French in 1691. Even after the war, this event was a factor in the deteriorating frontier relations between the English and the French colonists. Attack on Quebec Phips sailed to Quebec from Boston with around thirty ships. He sent word to Frontenac asking him to surrender the city. Frontenac responded in part: I will answer your general only by the mouths of my cannon, that he may learn that a man like me is not to be summoned after this fashion. With this response, Phips led his fleet in an attempt to take Quebec. His attack was made from land as a thousand men disembarked to set up cannons while Phips had four warships attack Quebec itself. Quebec was well defended both by its military strength and natural advantages. Further, smallpox was rampant, and the fleet ran out of ammunition. In the end, Phips was forced to retreat. Frontenac used this attack to shore up the fortifications around Quebec. After these failed attempts, the war continued for seven more years. However, most of the action seen in America was in the form of border raids and skirmishes. The war ended in 1697 with the Treaty of Ryswick. The effects of this treaty on the colonies was to return things to the status quo before the war. The borders of the territories previously claimed by New France, New England, and New York were to stay as they were before hostilities began. However, confrontations continued to plague the frontier after the war. Open hostilities would begin again in a few years with the beginning of Queen Annes War in 1701. Sources:Francis Parkman, France, and England in North America, Vol. 2: Count Frontenac and New France Under Louis XIV: A Half-Century of Conflict, Montcalm,  and Wolfe (New York, Library of America, 1983), p. 196.Place Royale, https://www.loa.org/books/111-france-and-england-in-north-america-volume-two

The Article Examines The Growing Trend Of Excessive Internet

The article examines the growing trend of excessive internet use among college students. The study was completed to help psychologists understand the specific causes for excessive internet use. The study also examined the correlation between excessive internet use, low self-esteem and psychological disorders. The study is important because it helps psychologists, health professionals, and readers understand who is vulnerable to excessive internet use and whether perilous disorders such as depression are a cause or effect of excessive internet use. The study can also help health professionals treat the underlying conditions that cause internet addiction as well as psychological disorders associated with excessive internet use. The†¦show more content†¦The independent variable was the amount of time spent online. The dependent variable was the effect the amount of time had on determining excessive internet use. The fourth hypothesis examined whether excessive internet users were more social online than in real life. The independent variables for the fourth hypothesis were the pathological internet users. The dependent variable was the pathological internet user’s ability to become more social while using the internet. The final hypothesis examined the role of low self-esteem in the participant becoming a pathological internet user. The independent variable was the individual identified as pathological internet user while the dependent variable was the effect low self-esteem has on the user’s pathological internet use. The study included a total of 371 participants. Participants included students from various universities in the UK although no ages were given for the students. The students were classified into separate categories according to their majors. Majors such as engineering, physics, and chemistry were called hard science majors. Majors such as psychology, social sciences and law were called soft science majors. English, media studies, and journalism were labeled as liberal arts majors. The study examined a larger percentage of females (56%) versus a smaller percentage of men (46%). The selectedShow MoreRelatedSociety And Its Social Media1216 Words   |  5 Pagesknow today. The economy is rapidly changing in the developing world. Now our days we see teens spending an excessive amount of time socializing through social medias such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and much more. The media has a direct influence on the formation of basic skills of human interaction, which some experts can argue that social medias are having a significant part in our growing society. 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Being A Black Male And Society It s Kind Of Hard For Me

Devonta Hatten April 14, 2017 Writing Assignment 2 World Literature Being a black male in society it’s kind of hard for me not to recognize certain issues pertaining to race. Usually when it’s an issue pertaining race 9 times out of ten it’s a black individual, rare cases it’s another race, particularly Mexican Americans. I’m not just making accusations as African American we have to be aware of these bias or we will get taken advantage of. White non-Latino Police in America are taking advantage of their positions to undermined black individuals who may or may not know there rights. That’s a major reason why I can’t afford to recognize the issues. A potential bias that I have may be that police are not all bad. A police job is to protect†¦show more content†¦As Humans, we carry unconscious and hidden biases from a lifetime of exposure to cultural attitudes about race, ethnicity, religion, social class, sexuality, and nationally. 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External Environment of BMW Organization †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the External Environment of BMW Organization. Answer: Introduction A business organization comprises of a group of people or individuals who are targeted towards some common commercial goals. The business organizations operate in an external environment; therefore, the external environmental factors impact on the operations of the business organizations. However, these external factors cannot be controlled by the business organizations. They need to adapt themselves according to the external environment. In addition to it, when beginning a new business venture in a different location, the organization needs to identify the external factors and their impact on the business operations. If the external factors do not align with the goals or the vision of the organization, the business venture can remain unfruitful (Thompson Martin, 2010). Therefore, the business organizations employ a large number of techniques to evaluate and analyse the external environment of a business organization. The most common tool for the external environment analysis is PES TEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis is the acronym for political, economic, social, technological, environmental and the legal factors. All these factors together, impacts on the business operations and the profitability of the organization. The external environment analysis is important for the business organization as it helps them in analysing that the business venture will be successful or not. It also increases the knowledge regarding the current market structure and changes. Therefore, this tool can be used by the business organizations in adapting themselves according to the changes in the market (Cole, 2003). External environment analysis is a strategic tool which assists the organization in forming strategies to curb the market competition. In this regard, the current report will examine the external environment of a BMW in Europe. The company is the manufacturer of luxury cars and sell cars all across the globe. BMW is a German car manufacturing company which is also les popularly known as Bayerische Motoren WErke AG. It is a Germany-based company which sells luxury vehicles all across the globe. The company was founded in 1916 and has headquarters in Munich, Bavaria. The organization is considered as the best-selling luxury automakers in the world. A PESTLE analysis of the company has been conducted to examine the market structure and the impact of the external factors on the environment. Company Overview Originally named as Bayerische Motoren WErke AG, the company is popularly known as BMW all across the globe. It is one of the most popular luxury vehicle, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company. It is one of the most popular automakers in the world. The headquarters of the company are located in Munich, Bavaria. It also manufactures Rolls-Royce Motor Cars and plug-in electric cars. The company is conducts responsible business and is the member of US Environmental Protection Agency and National Environmental Achievement Track which states that the companies should be recognised according to their environmental performance and stewardship. It is considered as one of the sustainable automotive company and it the part of several environmental programs (Frynas, Mellahi, 2015). It has production units all across the globe and makes efforts to product the most sustainable and environmentally friendly cars. In order to attract the customers in different locations, the company has devel oped exhaustive marketing plan. The audio and the roundel logo of the company are quite popular among the car enthusiasts. The company advertise its vehicles as the ultimate driving machine. It also promotes the car as approachable, attractive and having better appeal to women. The company is pioneer in environmental sustainability initiatives. The electric plug in car is an innovative model of the organization. The cars can be charges prior to their use and has the potential to give competition to the pubic vehicle. It has also developed electric batteries with double capacity and has also started deploying electric trucks in the European countries. It has become the first company to enthusiastically encourage electric vehicles on the roads. PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis is the macro analysis framework which examines the external factors of a business organization. It is an environmental scanning component of the strategic management. PESTEL analysis gives a strategic analysis or conducts market research regarding different macro-environmental factors related which may impact on the organization. There are four basic components of PEST analysis. The political factors refer to the impact of government on the economy. The political factors refer to tax policy, labour law, environmental law and the trade restrictions. The political stability also impacts on the business of the organization. If there are frequent changes in the political structure of a country, then the operations of the organization may halt due to changes in the legislations. Other than that, there are several economic factors which may impact on the business of the organization. The economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflat ion rates. The economic factors of a country may impact on how business organizations operate in the organization. The interest rates affects a firms capital requirements and on the growth and the business of the organization (Henry, 2011). The exchange rate of the currency also impacts on the growth and the business of the organization. In addition to it, there are several social factors which may impact on the business operations. The cultural factors include the health awareness, population growth, age distribution and the attitudes towards the professional life. The technological factors involves the technical aspects such as the integration of technology in the infrastructure of the firms. It encompasses aspects such as population growth rate, age distribution and safety awareness of the people. Recently, two other factors are also added in the PEST analysis, namely, legal factors and the environmental factors. The legal factors refer to different laws such as the employment laws, health and safety laws and the antitrust laws. These laws impact on the operations, productivity and the eventual profitability of the organization. In the recent years, there is increased concern for the environmental impact of the busin ess organizations. The environmental impacts include the changes in weather or climate which is influenced by the operations of the organization. The environment has a strong impact on the tourism, farming and the insurance industry. The climatic change impacts on the operations of the company and the product offering (Jeffs, 2008). BMW has production and the distribution units all across the globe. The sales and the marketing activities of the organization are impacted by the external environmental factors. In this regard, the external environment of BMW in Europe has been evaluated in the present section. Political Factors: There is a possible range of the political factors which impact on the business operations of BMW in several ways. The government of different countries have regulated the car manufacturing business as they are the major source of pollution. The government enforces new laws related to CO2 emission and the recycling of the vehicles. The political stability and the outlook of the government also impacts on the business of the organization. The taxation structure and the export-import duties in the organization impact on the business. In the recent years, the government has produced new legislations to encourage the production high mileage cars which may also impact on the business of the automobile industry. Economic Factors There are a wide range of the economic factors which may impact on the car manufacturing organizations. The performance and the profitability of the car manufacturing company are influenced by the GDP fluctuations and the economic growth rate of the country. The inflation rate is another important factor which influence of sales and the business of the organization (Cadle, Paul Turner, 2010). The company has to increase the price of its products according to the inflation rate. The inflation rate of the countries also impacts on sales rate of the products. However, the reduction in the Euro exchange rate will impact on the business of the organization. However, with the increased demands in the developing countries, the business of the company is growing drastically (Thompson Martin, 2010). Moreover, GDP fluctuations in the European Union countries can impact on the performance on the consumer spending in these countries. Therefore, it will drastically impact on the profit in these countries. Social Factors: The culture in which the countries operate can impact on the business operations of the company. There are several differences between the cultures of different countries as each individual country has different values, attitudes and beliefs. The culture of the geographical location affects the preference and the choice of the consumers. The culture of the country also impacts on the attitude towards working, education, training and ethics of the people (Thompson Martin, 2010). Therefore, while setting up operation in a foreign country, the company has to examine the attitude of the foreign workers for forecasting the productivity of the employees. There are a number of social factors such as culture, lifestyle and the changes in the demographics which may impact on the business of the organization. The social factors and the environment impact on the buying choice and the preference of the customers. The changes in the social pattern impact on the customer choice. The brand image of the organization associates develops the status symbol of the car. Moreover, currently a large number of customers are aware regarding the environmental impact of their business activities and try to control their activities so that there is minimal impact on the environment. They are attracted towards the sustainable organizations and environmentally-friendly products (Freeman, 2010). Technological Factors: Technology is a significant factor which may impact on the business of operations. The companies use technology to gain a competitive advantage over other companies. In addition, the companies use new and sophisticated technology to increase the profit margins. There are also certain technological modifications or changes which can be implemented to prevent environmental pollution (Analoui Karami, 2003). In the recent years, there is increased customer awareness regarding the global warming, greenhouse effect and create burnout among the employees. As a result, the preference of the customers is shifting towards eco-friendly cars, hybrid cars and fuel cell cars (Varbanova, 2013). Most of the countries all across the globe are also forming legislations curb pollution level. The customers are also inclining towards the use of more eco-friendly cars, hybrid cars and fuel cars. Environmental Factors With the increased awareness regarding the environmental impact of the automobile industry and the phenomenon of global warming, the government has made several legislations to control the negative impact on the environment. These laws control the production level, emissions from the manufacturing plants and health and safety of the employees. Legal Factors The automobile industry is regulated by several laws. Firstly, the government has imposed several legislations related to the environmental pollution. The companies are also encouraged to engage in innovative techniques which can address the issue of environmental impact. In addition to it, the company also faces the laws related to the taxation structure and excise duties (Mannix Wheeler, 2017). The government has also imposed several laws related to the engine manufacturing so that there is minimal level of environmental pollution. Conclusion It can be concluded that PESTEL analysis is a strategic framework for the analysis of the macro environment of an organization. A business organization operates in external environment and needs to acclimatize to the changes in the external factors. The macro environment has a significant impact on the operations and the profitability of the organization. The PESTEL analysis is the most common tool for the analysis of the external environment. BMW is a part of the automobile industry and; therefore, it will be influenced by several external factors. These factors may impact on the business of the organizations. BMW is the leading luxury car manufacturer headquartered in Germany. The company is one of the leading in the automobile industry. There are several political factors such as political stability, government legislations and environmental laws which may impact on the business of the organizations. In addition, the economy of country, growth rate and the GDP of a country also influences on the purchasing power of the people. The social factors refer to the cultural factors which may impact on the preference of the customers. It refers to the demographic characteristics, lifestyle and the health preference of the consumers. References Analoui, F., Karami, A. (2003). Strategic Management in Small and Medium Enterprises. Cengage Learning EMEA. Cadle, J., Paul, D., Turner, P. (2010). Business Analysis Techniques: 72 Essential Tools for Success. BCS, The Chartered Institute. Cole, G.A. (2003). Strategic Management. Cengage Learning EMEA. Cole, G.A. (2003). Strategic Management. Cengage Learning EMEA. Drive Arabia. (2017). BMW Saudi Arabia prices reviews. [Online]. Available at: https://www.drivearabia.com/carprices/ksa/bmw/ [Accessed on: 27 July 2017]. Freeman, R.E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge University Press. Frynas, J.G., Mellahi, K. (2015). Global Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Frynas, J.G., Mellahi, K. (2015). Global Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Henry, A. (2011). Understanding Strategic Management. OUP Oxford. Hitt, M., Ireland, D., Hoskisson, R. (2006). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. Cengage Learning. Jeffs, C. (2008). Strategic Management. SAGE. Mannix, K., Wheeler, A. (2017). The history of BMW. Telegraph. . [Online]. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/bmw/history-bmw/ [Accessed on: 27 July 2017]. Sadler, P. (2003). Strategic Management. Kogan Page Publishers. Thompson, J.L., Martin, F. (2010). Strategic Management: Awareness Change. Cengage Learning EMEA. Thompson, J.L., Martin, F. (2010). Strategic Management: Awareness Change. Cengage Learning EMEA. Thompson, J.L., Martin, F. (2010). Strategic Management: Awareness Change. Cengage Learning EMEA. Varbanova, L. (2013). Strategic Management in the Arts. Routledge.